How does ultraviolet radiation affect life on earth

Exposure to ultraviolet radiation in Antarctica is commonly highest in spring. Image courtesy of NOAA. In the Antarctic, increased exposure to UV-B radiation due to the appearance of the ozone hole commonly results in at least a percent reduction in photosynthesis by phytoplankton in surface waters. In a study of California coastal waters, effects of current levels of UV-B radiation compared to historical levels range from 40 percent reduction of photosynthesis by phytoplankton to a 10 percent increase.

In fact, phytoplankton off the California coast sometimes turn out to be more susceptible to UV-B radiation than phytoplankton in Antarctica, to the surprise of biologists. Communities of plants, animals, and microorganisms may be more resilient than we yet know. In spite of increased ultraviolet exposure in Antarctica over the last decade or so, no catastrophic events have occurred at the ecosystem level. However, the reason for this may be that the large ozone hole lasts only from September to December and covers a small geographic region relative to the entire globe.

If the ozone hole should remain for longer time periods, or if ozone were to be reduced over a wider area every year, sooner or later, we could expect to see major ecosystem changes. So many studies in both the laboratory and the field have demonstrated serious consequences of increased UV-B radiation on the biosphere that we need to improve our understanding of the complex Earth environment and its responses to that radiation.

Overexposure to ultraviolet radiation can change the flowering times of some kinds of plants and therefore will affect the animals that depend on them. How Much Are We Getting?

Predictions and Monitoring References. Atmosphere Land Life Water. EO Explorer. At the time of publication, it represented the best available science. Subscribe to our newsletters. Photograph courtesy Jeannie Allen UV radiation from the sun has always played important roles in our environment, and affects nearly all living organisms.

Helps some skin conditions — UV is used in the treatment of skin conditions such as psoriasis. This is a condition where the skin sheds its cells too quickly and develops itchy, scaly patches. Exposure to UV slows the growth of the skin cells and relieves the symptoms. These chemicals improve our mood. The fruits, flowers and seeds often appear quite different from how humans see them. For example, when seen in UV light, some flowers have different line markings, which may help direct bees and birds to the nectar.

This is why a light sometimes attracts flying insects by disrupting their navigation process. Useful for disinfection and sterilisation — UV has positive applications in the fields of disinfection and sterilisation. To destroy the microorganisms, UV rays penetrate the cell's membrane, destroying the DNA, and so stops its ability to reproduce and multiply. This destructive effect explains why we can use UV antibacterial lamps for disinfection and sterilisation.

Causes skin cancer — UV is an environmental human carcinogen. There is very strong evidence that each of the three main types of skin cancer basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma is caused by sun exposure. This information helps people plan how to protect themselves from the sun. The FDA sets rules for the product labeling and advertising of sunscreens.

The FDA ensures that the sun Protection Factor SPF for sunscreen is clearly written on its label and that consumers can easily understand the labelling and instructions. Sunscreen: How to Help Protect Your Skin from the Sun This webpage explains how to read a sunscreen label and provides basic information about sunscreen use. Skip to main content. Contact Us. Radiation Facts.