What should a science discussion include

Recommendations: what practical actions or scientific studies should follow? Receive feedback on language, structure and layout Professional editors proofread and edit your paper by focusing on: Academic style Vague sentences Grammar Style consistency See an example.

I have concisely summarized the most important findings. I have discussed and interpreted the results in relation to my research questions. I have cited relevant literature to show how my results fit in. I have clearly explained the significance of my results.

If relevant, I have considered alternative explanations of the results. I have acknowledged and evaluated the limitations of my research. I have made relevant recommendations for further research or action. Well done!

See all other checklists Return to checklist. What goes in the discussion chapter of a dissertation? Discuss: Your interpretations : what do the results tell us? The implications : why do the results matter?

Is this article helpful? Shona McCombes Shona has a bachelor's and two master's degrees, so she's an expert at writing a great thesis.

She has also worked as an editor and teacher, working with students at all different levels to improve their academic writing. Other students also liked. How to write a literature review A literature review is a survey of scholarly knowledge on a topic. It is used to identify trends, debates, and gaps in the research. How to write a research methodology The methodology lets readers assess the reliability of your research. Describe what you did and show how your methods match your aims.

Writing up your results in a thesis or dissertation In the results section, concisely present the main findings and observe how they relate to your research questions or hypotheses.

Define why you think this is so. Summarize your evidence for each conclusion. The peer review process is the quality control step in the publication of ideas. Papers that are submitted to a journal for publication are sent out to several scientists peers who look carefully at the paper to see if it is "good science".

These reviewers then recommend to the editor of a journal whether or not a paper should be published. Most journals have publication guidelines. Ask for them and follow them exactly. Relate your findings to the issues you raised in the introduction. Note similarities, differences, common or different trends. Show how your study either corraborates, extends, refines, or conflicts with previous findings.

These neurons might be involved in something other than simple pure-tone coding, such as processing of complex sound features Third, heterogeneity was manifested as a lack of local organization according to best frequency Figs. At first, these data seem difficult to reconcile with numerous studies showing smooth, large-scale tonotopic organization in A1 for example, see A1 tonotopy in ferrets 19 , mice 8 , rats 18 and monkeys In fact, the precision of tonotopic organization in A1 has been a controversial issue for a few decades and remains unresolved to date 9, 34, 35, 36, If you have unexpected findings, try to interpret them in terms of method, interpretation, even a restructured hypothesis; in extreme cases, you may have to rewrite your introduction.

Be honest about the limitations of your study. Previous reports of smooth tonotopic maps may have resulted from techniques that average the responses over multiple neurons. Another possible explanation for the apparent discrepancy is a sampling bias of extracellular recordings toward highly active neurons 40 , raising the concern that calcium dye loading might be biased as well, penetrating preferably into subtypes of neurons with unique response profiles.

Although this concern has not been thoroughly ruled out, it seems unlikely because, in at least one study, GABAergic interneuorns were loaded just as efficiently as neighboring pyramidal neurons using similar methodology Other studies revealing tonotopy using imaging techniques such as intrinsic imaging 7, 42 or voltage-sensitive dyes 43 averaged responses over many neurons and are prone to overlook the local heterogeneity that we found here.

State the major conclusions from your study and present the theoretical and practical implications of your study. Our main finding consists of highly heterogeneous local populations with relatively large correlations between a minority of neighboring neurons. What type of local connectivity might give rise to these results?

The simplest connectivity model to consider would be that of a tonotopic input combined with locally random noisy connectivity. This model could partially explain our results, including the heterogeneous micro-architecture and the decrease of signal and noise correlations with distance.